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Charts that lie: truncated axes, twin scales and misleading bubbles

16 questions

Every chart in this quiz uses real numbers, yet each one misleads through its baseline, second y-axis, bubble radius, date range, or scale. Learn to read how a chart encodes data instead of trusting its first impression.

Questions

  1. Not answered. This chart is titled Revenue is exploding. Rounded to the nearest whole percent, how much did revenue actually grow from Q1 to Q4?
  2. Not answered. Both panels plot the same seven temperatures on the same axis, which starts at 36.5 °C rather than at zero. In which panel is the truncated axis an actual problem, and why?
  3. Not answered. A designer keeps the truncated revenue bars but draws a jagged axis break symbol across the base of each one to signal the missing range. Does that make the chart honest?
  4. Not answered. Revenue moved from 100 to 103 over four quarters and the chart still has to ship. Which of these presentations report that change honestly?
  5. Not answered. These two panels plot identical numbers against an identical axis range. What is the honest description of the difference between them?
  6. Not answered. The blue and orange lines cross in 2022. What does that crossing tell you?
  7. Not answered. Which of these presentations let a reader compare the coffee shop and rent series without manufacturing a relationship between them?
  8. Not answered. The 2025 circle is drawn with twice the radius of the 2015 circle to show that users doubled. How many times more area does the larger circle cover?
  9. Not answered. You need a bubble representing a value nine times the reference bubble's. By what factor do you multiply the reference radius?
  10. Not answered. What is the lie factor of that radius-doubled bubble chart?
  11. Not answered. A colleague sends this chart with the note Product X is dying, down a third. What can you conclude from the chart alone?
  12. Not answered. The press release leads with bookings up 42% year over year. What does the chart actually support?
  13. Not answered. The case count line here is straight and the climb looks almost gentle. What does a straight line on a logarithmic axis mean?
  14. Not answered. On the same kind of log axis, this curve bends over after week 6. What has actually happened to the weekly case count?
  15. Not answered. When is a logarithmic y-axis the right choice, and what does choosing it cost you?
  16. Not answered. You are reviewing a dashboard pull request. Which of these choices break the proportionality between the numbers and the ink, whatever the author intended?