Reading old paintings: symbols, perspective and anachronism
Paintings made before 1900 were meant to be read. A sleeping dog means fidelity, a lamp that has just gone out means time is up, and a vanishing point tells you where the painter wanted you to stand. Each question shows a real painting or a detail from one and asks what it told the people who first saw it: hidden skulls, saints' attributes, moral jokes, impossible bouquets and Bible stories set in the painter's own street.
Questions
- Not answered. This painting is called Landscape with the Fall of Icarus. Where is Icarus?
- Not answered. A long pale smear floats above the floor between the two men in Holbein's The Ambassadors. What is it?
- Not answered. Which of these can you find in or around the convex mirror on the back wall of the Arnolfini Portrait?
- Not answered. Many first-time viewers assume the woman in the Arnolfini Portrait is pregnant. What do art historians usually conclude?
- Not answered. In Steenwyck's still life, which objects stand for death and passing time, and not for the pleasures that death cuts short?
- Not answered. In the Dutch paintings Chardin learned from, a soap bubble was a stock symbol. What did it usually stand for?
- Not answered. Which of these help explain why Simone Martini set this Annunciation against solid gold instead of a sky or a room?
- Not answered. Why are the kneeling people in Piero della Francesca's Madonna of Mercy so much smaller than the Virgin who shelters them?
- Not answered. Why does the Christ Child in Berlinghiero's thirteenth-century Madonna and Child look like a small, serious adult?
- Not answered. Why is the Virgin's mantle so often an intense blue, as in Sassoferrato's Virgin in Prayer?
- Not answered. In Leonardo's Last Supper, the ceiling beams and the tops of the wall hangings all recede toward one point. Where is it?
- Not answered. Masaccio painted this chapel onto a flat church wall around 1425–28. Where did he place the vanishing point, and what did that do for a visitor?
- Not answered. Which saint did Raphael paint here?
- Not answered. Francesco del Cossa's saint holds up a slender stem with something odd at its tip. What is it, and why?
- Not answered. Which details in Antonello da Messina's painting identify the scholar at the desk as Saint Jerome?
- Not answered. Which of these pairings of object and meaning fit Crivelli's Annunciation?
- Not answered. Why has Crivelli moved the Annunciation to a busy fifteenth-century Italian street, with a local bishop showing Gabriel a model of a town?
- Not answered. A small dog sleeps curled at the feet of Titian's Venus of Urbino. What did such a dog usually signify in Renaissance painting?
- Not answered. Why could this bouquet by Ambrosius Bosschaert never have stood on a real table?
- Not answered. In Vermeer's The Love Letter, a seascape with a sailing ship hangs on the wall behind the two women. What does it add?
- Not answered. Which details in Jan Steen's Beware of Luxury warn about where this household is heading?
- Not answered. Hogarth's The Tête à Tête shows a young aristocratic couple shortly after their wedding. Which details show the marriage is already failing?
- Not answered. There is a bare, unfinished patch on Mrs Andrews's lap. What was supposed to go there?
- Not answered. Which of these statements about Rembrandt's Night Watch are true?